background measures taken over the past four years in greece to reduce pharmaceutical expenditure have led to significant price reductions for medicines, but have also changed patient cost-sharing rates for prescription drugs. this study attempts to capture the resulting increase in patients’ out-of-pocket (oop) expenses for prescription drugs during the 2011-2014 period.   methods the authors ...

abstract: background: today one of the main problems low or middle income families face is financing healthcare costs. this article studies the methods of of financing health care costs among hospitalized diabetic patients in different types of insurances. materials & methods: this is a causal-comparative study. the variables consist of comparative (health care costs) and categorical(different ...

Health care policy seeks to ensure that citizens are protected from the financial risk associated with needing health care. Yet rising health care costs in many countries are leading to a greater reliance on out-of-pocket (OOP) measures. This paper uses 2010 household survey data from seven countries to measure and compare the burden OOP expenses place on individuals. It compares countries base...

Out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses for hospitalized patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) poses an economic challenge on affected household in the form of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), distress financing and impoverishment. OOP Expenses data CLD from Bangladesh is scarce. This study aimed to estimate resulting CHE, impoverishment among CLD. cross-sectional was conducted conveniently sele...

BACKGROUND Bangladesh has a high proportion of households incurring catastrophic health expenditure, and very limited risk sharing mechanisms. Identifying determinants of out-of-pocket (OOP) payments and catastrophic health expenditure may reveal opportunities to reduce costs and protect households from financial risk. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the determinants of high healthcare expe...

BACKGROUND Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are becoming a major source of the national disease burden in Myanmar with potentially serious economic implications. METHODS Using data on 5484 households from the World Health Survey (WHS), this study assessed the household-level economic burden of two chronic conditions, angina and asthma, in Myanmar. Propensity score matching (PSM) and coarsened...

This paper studies the impact of health insurance on individual out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure in China. Using the China Health and Nutrition Survey data between 1991 and 2006, we apply two-part and sample selection models that address key empirical challenges: censored data and selection on unobservables. We find that although the probability of positive OOP health expenditures increas...

background provincial health accounts (pha) as a subset of national health accounts (nha) present financial information for health sectors. it leads to a logical decision making for policy-makers in order to achieve health system goals, especially fair financial contribution (ffc). this study aimed to examine health accounts in kerman province.   methods the present analytical study was carried...

BACKGROUND Out-of-pocket (OOP) medical expenses often lead to catastrophic expenditure and impoverishment in low- and middle-income countries. Yet, there has been no systematic examination of which specific diseases and conditions (e.g., tuberculosis, cardiovascular disease) drive medical impoverishment, defined as OOP direct medical costs pushing households into poverty. METHODS We used a co...